WHY SHOULD I TAKE FOLIC ACID BEFORE PREGNANCY?

Dr Claude ALLOUCHE, obstetrician gynecologist
Ahuza Clinic, Raanana, Israel, 058 726 02 64

Folic acid or vitamin B9 (Hebrew khoumtsa folit essential vitamins that are not produced by the body.
It plays an important role in the process of growth and development of the nervous and cerebral system of the foetus as it intervenes in the synthesis of amino acids (proteins) and DNA and RNA nucleic acids constituting the genetic material.
This makes it especially important during pregnancy.

WHY IS IT SUPPLEMENTED In folic acid, women of reproductive age or during peri-conceptional periods?

- Because folic acid deficiency in peri-conceptional period may cause neural tube defects such as spina bifida, anencephaly, or encephalocele.

These are rarely fatal anomalies but can be responsible for major disabilities such as paraplegia, sphincterian disorders or brain dilatations with psychomotor delays.

- Because folic acid deficiency is very common in the general population and can be promoted by dietary deficiency, specific anti-folate treatments such as Methotrexate or carbamazepine, obesity or diabetes.

WHEN AND HOW TO TAKE IT?
- Folic acid supplementation in peri-design period and during the first two months of pregnancy reduces the risk of embryonic neural tube closures.

- For example, women of childbearing potential and considering pregnancy should be encouraged to consume folate-rich foods.

- At the same time, it is recommended to start preventive treatment one month before conception, continue up to 12 weeks of amenorrhea

The recommended doses vary according to the context:

- In the absence of a history: Folic acid 0.4 mg/d;
- In case of previous neural tube closure abnormality: folic acid 5 mg/d;
- Folic acid deficiency (e.g. women on antiepileptic treatment): folic acid 5 mg/d.

Note that in Israel, some oestroprogestative pills already contain folic acid.

WHAT ARE THE FOLATE RICH FOODS?

- White beans, beans, peas, lentils: 125-350 μg,
- Spinach, deer, cress, lettuce, chew: 75-250 μg,
- Asparagus, broccoli: 110 μg,
- Yellow egg, nuts, goat cheese: 130-170 μg,
- Liver and kidney (veal, beef): 220 μg,
- Herbs: mint, rosemary, oregano...

A balanced diet is the best way to avoid food deficiency.

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