POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME (PCOS): WHAT IS IT? WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?

Dr. Claude Allouche, Gynecologist Sopk engl

Ahuza Clinic, Raanana
📞 058 726 02 64

What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

PCOS is a common endocrine disorder caused by a hormonal imbalance involving the ovaries and the pituitary gland. It affects 5 to 10% of women of reproductive age and is the leading cause of infertility. PCOS also increases the risk of metabolic diseases such as:

  • Type 2 diabetes,
  • High cholesterol levels.

Hormones and the Menstrual Cycle

A normal menstrual cycle has 3 phases:

  1. Follicular phase: Prepares for ovulation with FSH stimulating ovarian follicles.
  2. Ovulation: Triggered by an LH surge, releasing a mature egg.
  3. Luteal phase: Progesterone production prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy.

Hormonal Imbalances in PCOS

In PCOS, hormonal regulation is disrupted:

  • Elevated LH levels fail to trigger ovulation.
  • Excess testosterone production leads to:
    • irregular menstrual cycles,
    • hirsutism,
    • acne,
    • hair thinning or hair loss.
  • Ovaries contain numerous immature follicles, resulting in infertility and ovarian dysfunction.

Note: Symptoms vary among individuals, but the presence of at least two abnormalities can lead to a PCOS diagnosis.

Causes of PCOS

Genetic Factors

  • Genetic predisposition accounts for less than 10% of cases.
  • Women with a family history (mother or sister with PCOS) have a 30% increased risk.

Environmental Factors

  • Endocrine disruptors might contribute to PCOS, although no definitive evidence has been established.

An Obsolete Terminology?

Historically known as "Polycystic Ovary Syndrome," the term is misleading: the condition involves immature folliclesrather than actual cysts. PCOS is also referred to as Stein-Leventhal Syndrome.

Learn more on my website:
👉 https://claude-allouche.com

Source:
👉 https://www.ameli.fr